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Welcome to the Gao Research Group at Caltech!The Gao Research Group at the California Institute of Technology is a highly interdisciplinary research team devoted to developing versatile bioelectronic devices for fundamental and applied biomedical studies. Our research thrusts include fundamental materials and chemistry innovations as well as important device and system level applications toward personalized and precision medicine. We create and apply innovative devices to understand complex biological systems. Some examples of our devices include wearable/portable biosensors that perform real-time health monitoring and clinical assessment, and medical micro/nanorobots that offer the therapeutic capability of rapid drug delivery and precision surgery.
Watch Wei's Watson Lecture on Our Wearable Sensor Research
Follow us via Twitter @WeiGaoLab and LinkedIn
Lab OpeningsWe always welcome talented postdoctoral and graduate candidates. Caltech graduate students from any related program (including MedE, EE, BioE, APhMS, ME, ChemE, Chem, and others) interested in research opportunities with the laboratory should contact Prof. Gao for an appointment to discuss available projects. Graduate candidates at all other universities are welcome to contact Prof. Gao and need to apply for admission to Caltech. We always welcome dedicated undergraduate researchers for research during the school year or in the summer (through SURF, WAVE and Amgen Scholars programs). Interested students are encouraged to contact Prof. Gao.
Contact usDr. Wei Gao
Office: 139 Keck Laboratory Address: 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, MC 138-78 Email: weigao@caltech.edu Tel: (626) 395-2958 For Research Group Matters
Catherine Pichotta 207 Keck Laboratory Tel: (626) 395-1970 Email: pichotta@caltech.edu Recent publications led by the Gao GroupH. Han, X. Ma, W. Deng, J. Zhang, S. Tang, O S. Pak, L. Zhu, E. Criado-Hidalgo, C. Gong, E. Karshalev, J. Yoo, M. You, A. Liu, C. Wang, H. K. Shen, Payal N. Patel, C. L. Hays, P. J. Gunnarson, L. Li, Y. Zhang, J. O. Dabiri, L. V. Wang, M. G. Shapiro, D. Wu, Q. Zhou, J. R. Greer, W. Gao*, Imaging-guided bioresorbable acoustic hydrogel microrobots, Science Robotics, 2024, in press.
S. Yin, D. R. Yao, Y. Song, W. Heng, X. Ma, H. Han, W. Gao*, Wearable and implantable soft robots, Chemical Reviews, 2024, in press.
W. Heng, D. R. Yao, W. Gao*, Miniaturized soft batteries for biomedical implants, Nature Chemical Engineering, 2024, in press.
W. Heng, S. Yin, J. Min, C. Wang, H. Han, E. Shirzaei Sani, J. Li, Y. Song, H. B. Rossiter, W. Gao*, A smart mask for exhaled breath condensate harvesting and analysis, Science, 2024, 385, 954-961.
C. Ye, H. Lukas, M. Wang, Y. Lee, W. Gao*, Nucleic acid-based wearable and implantable electrochemical sensors, Chemical Society Reviews, 2024, 53, 7960-7982.
C. Wang, E. Shirzaei Sani, C.-D. Shih, C. T. Lim, J. Wang, David G. Armstrong, W. Gao*, Wound management materials and technologies from bench to bedside and beyond, Nature Reviews Materials, 2024, 9, 550-566.
J. Li, Y. Xu, W. Gao*, Injectable and retrievable soft electronics, Nature Materials, 2024, 23, 591-593.
D. R. Yao, I. Kim, S. Yin, W. Gao*, Multimodal soft robotic actuation and locomotion, Advanced Materials, 2024, 36, 2308829. C. Xu, Y. Song, J. R. Sempionatto, S. A. Solomon, Y. Yu, H. Y. Y. Nyein, R. Y. Tay, J. Li, W. Heng, J. Min, A. Lao, T. K. Hsiai, J. A. Sumner, W. Gao*, A physicochemical sensing electronic skin for stress response monitoring, Nature Electronics, 2024, 7, 168-179. C. Ye, M. Wang, J. Min, R. Y. Tay, H. Lukas, J. R. Sempionatto, J. Li, C. Xu, W. Gao*, A wearable aptamer nanobiosensor for non-invasive female hormone monitoring, Nature Nanotechnology, 2024, 19, 330-337. C. Xu, S. A. Solomon, W. Gao*, Artificial intelligence-powered electronic skin, Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023, 5, 1344-1355. R. Y. Tay, Y. Song, D. Yao, W. Gao*, Direct-ink-writing 3D-printed bioelectronics, Materials Today, 2023, 71, 135-151. Y. Song, R. Y. Tay, J. Li, C. Xu, J. Min, E. Shirzaei Sani, G. Kim, W. Heng, I. Kim, W. Gao*, 3D-printed epifluidic electronic skin for machine learning-powered multimodal health surveillance, Science Advances, 2023, 9, eadi6492. J. Min, S. Demchyshyn, J. R. Sempionatto, Y. Song, B. Hailegnaw, C. Xu, Y. Yang, S. Solomon, C. Putz, L. Lehner, J. F. Schwarz, C. Schwarzinger, M. Scharber, M. Kaltenbrunner, W. Gao*, An autonomous wearable biosensor powered by a perovskite solar cell, Nature Electronics, 2023, 6, 630-641. J. Tu, J. Min, Y. Song, C. Xu, J. Li, J. Moore, J. Hanson, E. Hu, T. Parimon, T.-Y. Wang, E. Davoodi, T.-F. Chou, P. Chen, J. J. Hsu, H. B. Rossiter, W. Gao*, A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 7, 1293-1306. D. Mukasa, M. Wang, J. Min, Y. Yang, S. A. Solomon, H. Han, C. Ye, W. Gao*, A Computationally Assisted Approach for Designing Wearable Biosensors toward Non-invasive Personalized Molecular Analysis, Advanced Materials, 2023, 35, 2212161. J. Min, J. Tu, C. Xu, H. Lukas, S. Shin, Y. Yang, S. A. Solomon, D. Mukasa, W. Gao*, Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine, Chemical Reviews, 2023, 123, 5049–5138. E. Shirzaei Sani, C. Xu, C. Wang, Y. Song, J. Min, J. Tu, S. A. Solomon, J. Li, J. L. Banks, D. G. Armstrong, W. Gao*, A stretchable wireless wearable bioelectronic system for multiplexed monitoring and combination treatment of infected chronic wounds, Science Advances, 2023, 9, eadf7388. J. Yoo, S. Tang, W. Gao*, Micro- and nanorobots for biomedical applications in the brain, Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 2023, 1, 308–310. J. R. Sempionatto, J. A. Lasalde-Ramírez, K. Mahato, J. Wang, W. Gao*, Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era, Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2022, 6, 899–915. J. Min, Y. Song, W. Gao*, Microcracked conductor for wearable sensors, Nature Electronics, 2022, 5, 717–718. M. Wang, Y. Yang, J. Min, Y. Song, J. Tu, D. Mukasa, C. Ye, C. Xu, N. Heflin, J. S. McCune, T. K. Hsiai, Z. Li, W. Gao*, A Wearable Electrochemical Biosensor for the Monitoring of Metabolites and Nutrients, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2022, 6, 1225–1235. Y. Yu, J. Li, S. A. Solomon, J. Min, J. Tu, W. Guo, C. Xu, Y. Song, W. Gao*, All-printed Soft Human-Machine Interface for Robotic Physicochemical Sensing, Science Robotics, 2022, 7, eabn0495.
W. Heng, S. Solomon, W. Gao*, Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics, Advanced Materials, 2022, 34, 2107902. C. Wang, E. Shirzaei Sani, W. Gao*, Wearable Bioelectronics for Chronic Wound Management, Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32, 2270099. J. Tu, W. Gao*, Spray-on Magnetic Skin for Robotic Actuation, Science Robotics, 2020, 5, eabf1390. R. M. Torrente-Rodríguez, H. Lukas, J. Tu, J. Min, Y. Yang, C. Xu, H. B. Rossiter, W. Gao*, SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring, Matter, 2020, 3, 1981-1998. Y. Song, J. Min, Y. Yu, H. Wang, Y. Yang, H. Zhang, W. Gao*, Wireless Battery-free Wearable Sweat Sensor Powered by Human Motion, Science Advances, 2020, 6, eaay9842. Z. Wu, Y. Chen, D. Mukasa, O. S. Pak, W. Gao*, Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Complex Media, Chemical Society Review, 2020, 49, 8088-8112. Y. Yu, J. Nassar, C. Xu, J. Min, Y. Yang, A. Dai, R. Doshi, A. Huang, Y. Song, R. Gehlhar, A. D. Ames, W. Gao*, Biofuel-powered Soft Electronic Skin with Multiplexed and Wireless Sensing for Human-Machine Interfaces, Science Robotics, 2020, 5, eaaz7946. C. Xu, Y. Yang, W. Gao*, Skin-interfaced Sensors in Digital Medicine: from Materials to Applications, Matter, 2020, 2, 2, 1414-1445. C. Xu, W. Gao*, Motile Microelectronics with Wireless Power, Nature Electronics, 2020, 3, 139-140. R. M. Torrente-Rodríguez, J. Tu, Y. Yang, J. Min, M. Wang, Y. Song, Y. Yu, C. Xu, C. Ye, W. W. IsHak, W. Gao*, Investigation of Cortisol Dynamics in Human Sweat Using a Graphene-Based Wireless mHealth System, Matter, 2020, 2, 921-937. Y. Yang, Y. Song, X. Bo, J. Min, O. S. Pak, L. Zhu, M. Wang, J. Tu, A. Kogan, H. Zhang, T. K. Hsiai, Z. Li, W. Gao*, A Laser-Engraved Wearable Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Uric Acid and Tyrosine in Sweat, Nature Biotechnology, 2020, 38, 217-224. J. Tu, R. M. Torrente-Rodríguez, M. Wang, W. Gao*, The Era of Digital Health: A Review of Portable and Wearable Affinity Biosensors. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30, 1906713. Z. Wu, L. Li, Y. Yang, P. Hu, Y. Li, S.-Y. Yang, L. V. Wang, W. Gao*, A Microrobotic System Guided by Photoacoustic Computed Tomography for Targeted Navigation in Intestines In Vivo, Science Robotics, 2019, 4, eaax0613. Y. Yang, W. Gao*, Wearable and Flexible Electronics for Continuous Molecular Monitoring, Chemical Society Review, 2019, 48, 1465-1491. Y. Yang, W. Gao*, Wearable pH Sensing Beyond the Nernst Limit, Nature Electronics, 2018, 1, 580-581. |
Group NewsOct, our review on wearable and implantable soft robots was published in Chemical Reviews. Congrats to Shukun, Richard, and the team! Link
Oct, our research paper on hydrogel microrobots was accepted by Science Robotics. Congrats to Hong, Xiaotian, and the team!
Oct, the smart mask research was featured by NIH NHLBI. Link
Sep, our News & Views on miniaturized soft batteries for biomedical implants was accepted by Nature Chemical Engineering. Congrats to Wenzheng and Richard!
Sep, the smart mask was highlighted by National Institutes of Health as part of NIH Research Matters. Link
Sep, Wei was selected as a finalist for 2024 Blavatnik National Awards. See Press Release and Caltech News.
Sep, congrats to our postdoc Inho Kim for being selected to MIT Technology Review 35 Innovators Under 35 (Global List). Link
Aug, our research paper on smart mask was published in Science. Congrats to Wenzheng, Shukun, and the team! Link
See news features in Caltech News, Science, Forbes, MIT Technology Review, the Guardian, the Telegraph, Chemical & Engineering News, Fox News, Interesting Engineering, the Engineer, and more.
Aug, Daniel Kukasa was featured on Caltech's Techer Magazine. Link
Aug, congrats to Heather Lukas for successfully passing her PhD dissertation defense.
Jul, Wei was promoted to Professor with tenure at Caltech!
Jul, congrats to Daniel Mukasa for successfully passing his PhD dissertation defense.
Jul, congrats to our postdoc Minqiang Wang for accepting a tenure-track associate professor position at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Jun, congrats to our graduate student Jiaobing for receiving the 2024 IUPAC-Solvay International Award for Young Chemists! Link
Jun, our review on wound management materials and technologies was published in Nature Reviews Materials. Congrats to Canran, Ehsan, and the team! Link
Jun, congrats to our postdoc Elham Davoodi for accepting an Assistant Professor position in MechE at the University of Utah!
May, our wearable research was featured on Caltech Magazine. Link
May, congrats to our graduate student Heather Lukas for receiving the Demetriades-Tsafka-Kokkalis Prize in Entrepreneurship. Link
May, congrats to Canran Wang and Joshua Chaj Ulloa for being selected to Caltech Biotechnology Leadership Program!
May, congrats to our postdocs Jounghyun Yoo and Inho Kim for receiving Sejong Science Fellowship and to Gwangmook Kim for receiving NRF Postdoc Fellowship.
May, congrats to our graduate student José Lasalde Ramírez for receiving EAS Diversity, Equity & Inclusion New Horizons Award. Link
Apr, our collaborative paper on porous nanocomposite bioelectronics was published in Nature Nanotechnology. Congrats to Yadong! Link
Apr, our News & Views on injectable and retrievable bioelectronics was published in Nature Materials. Congrats to Jiahong and Yadong! Link
Apr, congrats to our postdoc Yu Song for accepting a Presidential Assistant Professor position in BME at City University of Hong Kong!
Mar, our collaborative paper on sweat analysis for substance abuse management was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Link
Feb, our multimodal wearable sensor for stress response monitoring work was featured by a News & Views at Nature Electronics. Link
Feb, our wearable female hormone sensor work was featured by a News & Views at Nature Nanotechnology. Link
Jan, our research paper on AI-reinforced multimodal wearable sensor for stress response monitoring was published in Nature Electronics. Congrats to Changhao, Yu, Juliane, Sam, and the team! Link
Read Caltech News: Link and Behind the paper story: Link
Jan, Wei joined the Senior Editorial Board of Materials Today.
Jan, congrats to Changhao Xu for successfully passing his PhD dissertation defense.
Year 2023
Dec, our review paper on AI-powered electronic skin was published in Nature Machine Intelligence. Cheers to Changhao and Sam! Link
Dec, three of our wearable works (smart bandage, estradiol sensor, and CRP sensor) were featured in Caltech's 2023 Year in Review. Link
Dec, Wei gave a Watson Lecture at Caltech on "Wearable Biosensors and the Future of Personalized Medicine". Watch the Full Lecture
Nov, congrats to both Jiaobing and Jihong for receiving the MRS Graduate Student Awards! News and Past recipients.
Nov, congrats to Jihong Min for successfully passing his PhD dissertation defense.
Oct, congrats to Jiaobing Tu for successfully passing her PhD dissertation defense.
Sep, our research paper on wearable aptamer sensor for female hormone monitoring was published in Nature Nanotechnology. Cheers to Cui, Minqiang, and the team! Link
Read Caltech News: Link and Behind the paper story: Link 
Sep, our research paper on 3D-printed electronic skin was published in Science Advances. Congrats to Yu, Roland, and the team! Link
Jul, our research paper on light-powered wearable biosensor was published in Nature Electronics. Congrats to Jihong and the team! Link
Read Caltech News: Link and Behind the paper story: Link Read News & Views at Nature Electronics: Link
Jul, Wei joined the Editorial Board of Biosensors and Bioelectronics as an Associate Editor.
Jul, our research paper on artificial synapses was published in Science Advances. Congrats to Yongsuk and the team! Link
Jun, our research paper on wearable biosensor for systemic inflammation monitoring was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Congrats to Jiaobing and team! Link
Read Caltech News: Link and Behind the paper story: Link. 
Jun, congrats to Jiaobing Tu for being selected as an MIT Chemical Engineering Rising Star. Link
Jun, the smart bandage work was featured in Scientific American. Link
Jun, congrats to our postdoc Ehsan Shirzaei Sani for accepting an Assistant Professor position at University of Central Florida. Link
Jun, congrats to our postdoc Juliane Sempionatto for accepting an Assistant Professor position at Rice University (starting Apr 2024).
Mar, congrats to Changhao Xu for receiving the Amazon AI4Science Fellowship. Link
Mar, our research paper on wearable bioelectronics for chronic wound management was published in Science Advances. Congrats to Ehsan, Changhao, and the team! Link
Highlighted in Caltech News, The Guardian, New Scientist, Materials Today, UPI, The Daily Beast, Tech Briefs, Le Monde, Business Insider, VOA News, Physics Today, The Hindu, CEP (AICHE), etc.
Mar, congrats to our postdoc Roland Tay for starting at Nanyang Technological University as an Assistant Professor.
Feb, our research was featured by American Cancer Society. Link
Feb, our paper on micro/nanorobot for biomedical applications in the brain was published in Nature Reviews Bioengineering. Congrats to Jounghyun and Songsong! Link
Jan, congrats to Yiran (Isabella) Yang for successfully passing her PhD dissertation defense.
Year 2022
Dec, our robotic sensing work was featured in Caltech's 2022 Year in Review.
Nov, Wei received Materials Today Rising Star Award. Link
Nov, our News & Views on microcracked conductor for wearable sensor was published at Nature Electronics. Congrats to Jihong and Yu! Link
Nov, our review on biomarker discovery using wearables was published at Nature Reviews Chemistry. Congrats to Juliane and Jose! Link
Oct, congrats to our postdoc Juliane for being selected as one of the 35 Innovators under 35 Latin America 2022. Link
Oct, congrats to our postdoc Juliane for being selected as a 2022 Rising Star in Engineering in Health by Columbia and Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering. Link
Sep, Wei received 2022 US National Academy of Medicine Catalyst Award in Healthy Longevity Global Competition. Link
Sep, congrats to postdoc Elham for being selected to Rising Stars in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. Link
Aug, our research paper on wearable biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Congrats to Minqiang, Yiran, Jihong and other coauthors! See the paper: Link; Caltech News: Link; and 'behind the paper': Link
Jun, our robotic sensing work was featured in Scientific American. Link
Jun, Wei received IAMBE Early Career Award by the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering. Link
AprJun, Wei joined the Advisory Board of Cell Press journal Matter.
May, congrats to our graduate student Heather for receiving EAS Diversity, Equity & Inclusion New Horizons Award. Link
Apr, congrats to our postdoc Juliane for receiving 2022 IUPAC-Solvay International Award for Young Chemists! Link
Apr, Wei received NSF Career Award.
Apr, Wei became an Associate Editor of npj Flexible Electronics.
Apr, congrats to postdoc You Yu for accepting an Assistant Professor position at ShanghaiTech University.
Mar, we were featured in an outlook at Nature on medical microrobot. Link
Jan, Wei became an Associate Editor of Sensors & Diagnostics.
Jan, Wei became an American Cancer Society Research Scholar.
Year 2021
Oct, Wei received named professorship - Ronald and JoAnne Willens Scholar at Caltech. Link
Sep, congrats to our postdoc Juliane for being selected to speak at The Stanford.Berkeley.UCSF Next Generation Faculty Symposium. Link
Jul, Wei was appointed as Heritage Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Investigator at Caltech.
Jul, congrats to our graduate student Yiran for being selected as an MIT Chemical Engineering Rising Star. Link
Jun, Wei received Pittsburgh Conference Achievement Award. Pittcon is world's largest conference for laboratory science. Link
Jun, congrats to our graduate student Daniel for receiving Caltech EAS Diversity, Equity & Inclusion New Horizons Award. Link
May, Wei was invited to the National Academy of Engineering's 2021 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium (USFOE). Link
Apr, Wei talked about tips on how to write a good personal statement in a Career Feature article in Nature. Link
Mar, congrats to our graduate student Daniel for receiving the Kavli Nanoscience Institute (KNI) Catalyst Award. Link
Mar, congrats to our graduate student Daniel and incoming graduate student Jose (our former Caltech WAVE fellow) for receiving the NSF Graduate Research Fellowships! Link
Feb, Wei was named a Sloan Fellow. See full list, Caltech News.
Jan, Wei joined Science Advances Editorial Board as Associate Editor.
Year 2020Dec, two of our works (stress and COVID-19 monitoring) were featured in Caltech's 2020: A Year In Review.
Dec, our invited perspective on Telemedicine Tools for COVID-19 was published in ACS Nano. Link Congrats to Heather, Changhao and You!
Dec, Congrats to our graduate student Yiran for being selected to Forbes 30 Under 30 in Science. See profile and full list.
Nov, our Focus article on magnetic skin for robotic actuation was published in Science Robotics. Cheers to Jiaobing! Link
Nov, Wei was named a Highly Cited Researcher (2020). See full list.
Sep, our research article on human motion powered wearable sensor was published in Science Advances. Congrats to Yu and Jihong! Link
Highlighted in Caltech News.
Aug, congrats to our graduate student Yiran for winning a first-tier Baxter Young Investigator Award. Link
Aug, Wei was elevated to IEEE Senior Member.
Aug, we were featured by the Kavli Foundation. Link
Jun, Wei received 2020 IEEE EMBS Early Career Achievement Award. See past award winners (one per year since 1986).
Jun, our invited paper on Medical Micro/Nanorobots was accepted by Chemical Society Review in its 2020 Emerging Investigator Issue (biannual). Congrats, Zhiguang and Daniel! Link; See the Issue.
Jun, our invited review on skin-interfaced sensors in digital medicine was published in Matter. Congrats to Changhao and Yiran! Link
May, Wei was selected as a World Economic Forum Young Scientist (Class of 2020). See press release; See Class 2020 Brochure.
Apr, congrats for our postdoc Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodriguez for accepting a faculty position at Complutense University of Madrid.
Apr, our research article on biofuel-powered e-skin was accepted by Science Robotics. Congrats to You and other coauthors! Link
Editor's Research Highlight in Nature Electronics. Link See The Conversation by Wei. Highlighted in Caltech News, Yahoo News, The Engineer, CNET, Inside Science, SF Gate, and many more.
Apr, Daniel was highlighted on Caltech Magazine. Link
Mar, our News and Views article on microrobot was published in Nature Electronics. Cheers to Changhao! Link
Feb, our research article on stress hormone biosensors was published in Matter. Congrats to Rebeca, Jiaobing, and other coauthors! Link
See reports from Caltech News (Video), Xinhua, The Engineer, Science Daily, Yahoo, and more. Highlighted in Preview article by Professor John Rogers. Link
Year 2019
Dec, congrats to our postdoc scholar Zhiguang for being selected to MIT Technology Review 35 Innovators Under 35 China! Link
Nov, our research article on laser-engraved wearable sweat biosensor was published in Nature Biotechnology. Congrats to Yiran, Yu, Xiangjie, and other coauthors! Link
Highlighted as Editor's Choice in Science Translational Medicine. Link See 'behind the paper' in Nature Bioengineering Community. See reports from Caltech News, Physics World, Xinhua, and more.
Jul, our research article in collaboration with Prof. Lihong Wang on imaging-guided microrobot was published at Science Robotics. Link
See reports from Caltech, New Scientist, Optics & Photonics News.
Jun, Wei was selected as a recipient of the 2019 IEEE Sensors Council Technical Achievement Award. Link
Apr, we were featured on The Caltech Effect: "Sweating the Small Stuff".
Jan, Wei was selected into Global Young Academy. Link
Year 2018
Nov, our News and Views on wearable sensor was published in Nature Electronics. Link
Feb, Wei won the inaugural Sensors Young Investigator Award.
Year 2017
Sep, Wei was featured on Caltech News: "The Science of Sweat: An Interview with Wei Gao". Link
Aug, Wei joined California Institute of Technology as an Assistant Professor of Medical Engineering in EAS Division.
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